Daniel Gucciardi
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Questionnaires

On this page, you can access questionnaires that my colleagues and I have developed through my research with several colleagues. These scales are made available for research (i.e., non-commercial) purposes only. These scales are copyrighted and cannot be published or used for commercial purposes unless prior permission has been provided by the authors. 

Cricket Mental Toughness Inventory

Gucciardi, D.F., & Gordon, S. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of the Cricket Mental Toughness Inventory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 1293-1310.

Mental Toughness Inventory


Gucciardi, D.F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83, 26-44.

1. English version of the MTI
2. Chinese version of the MTI (Gucciardi et al., 2016)
3. Malay version of the MTI 
(Gucciardi et al., 2016)
4. Greek version of the MTI (Stamatis et al., 2019)
5. 
Portuguese version of the MTI (Moreira et al., 2021) 
6. Spanish version of the MTI (Stamatis et al., 2021)


Gucciardi, D.F., Zhang, C-Q., Ponnusamy, V., Si, G., & Stenling, A. (2016). Cross-cultural invariance of the Mental Toughness Inventory among Australian, Chinese and Malaysian athletes: A Bayesian estimation approach.  Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 38, 187-202.

Moreira, C. R., Codonhato, R., & Fiorese, L. (2021). Transcultural adaptation and psychometric proprieties of the Mental Toughness Inventory for Brazilian athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 663382. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663382

Stamatis, A., Morgan, G.B., Papadakis, Z., Mougios, V., Bogdanis, G., & Spinou, A. (2019). Cross-cultural invariance of the Mental Toughness Index among American and Greek athletes. Current Psychology, 1-8. doi: 10.1007/s12144-019-00532-2​

Stamatis, A., Morgan, G.B., Flores-Moreno, P.J., Barajas-Pineda, L.T., Sánchez, A.I.A., & Torres, S.S. (2021). Invarianza multicultural y validación del índice de fortaleza mental en deportistas norteamericanos y mexicanos [Multicultural Invariance and Validation of the Mental Toughness Index in North American and Mexican Athletes]. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 43, 2022. doi: 10.47197/retos.v43i0.88711

Multidimensional Commitment Scale (Interpersonal Relationships in Sport)

Jackson, B., Gucciardi, D. F., & Dimmock, J. A. (2014). Toward a multidimensional model of athletes' commitment to coach-athlete relationships and interdependent sport teams: A substantive-methodological synergy. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 36, 52-68.


Self-Efficacy and Relation-Inferred Self-Efficacy 

Jackson, B., Gucciardi, D. F., Lonsdale, C., Whipp, P. R., & Dimmock, J. A. (2014). “I think they believe in me”: The predictive effects of teammate- and classmate-focused relation-inferred self-efficacy in sport and physical activity settings. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 36, 486-505. 

Study 1 - adolescent water polo players

Implicit Theories of Mental Toughness

Gucciardi, D.F., Jackson, B., Hodge, K., Anthony, D.R., & Brooke, L.E. (2015). Implicit theories of mental toughness: Relations with cognitive, motivational and behavioral correlates. Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 4, 100-112.

Decentering Scale for Sport

Zhang, C-Q., Chung, P-K., Si, G., Gucciardi, D.F. (2016). Measuring decentering as a undimensional construct: The development and initial validation of the Decentering Scale for Sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 24, 147-158. 

Efficacy for Sport Performance and Dyadic Relationships

Jackson, B., Gucciardi, D.F., & Dimmock, J.A. (2011). Tripartite efficacy profiles: A cluster analytic investigation of athletes’ perceptions of their relationship with their coach. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 394-415.
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